____________________________________________________________________________________
To be honest EVEN MORE, during ALL my PhD in Soil Science, I NEVER HAD ANY LAW STUDENT AS CLASSMATE. Now I am curious, just a regular scientific curiosity, WHAT LAW SCHOOLS ARE TEACHING OVER THERE? WHAT SORT OF EDUCATION LAW STUDENTS ARE GRANTED?
What did Mr. Obama learned in Law School at Harvard University, graduating n 1991 as Juris Doctor magna cum laude?
Lets make this OUTCOME very 'DEPLORABLE': During 22 years of my entire education, never flunking and getting FOUR DIPLOMAS in AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, I NEVER EVER HAD ANY LAW STUDENT AS CLASSMATE, NOR EVEN A PEER NEARBY!!!!
So, GOD, have mercy on such lost souls harming our delicate human existence. . . we are supposed to be an intelligent species called Homo sapiens!
From: Moulis, Thomas <Thomas.Moulis@uspto.gov>
Date: Fri, Aug 7, 2015 at 12:40 PM
Subject: RE: Conspiracy and Brainwashing III – USPTO is preaching to their Patent Examiners that they do not need to be known in the art for judging and allowing IP rights when issuing patents!
To: Elson Silva, PhD <tubarc@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, Aug 7, 2015 at 12:40 PM
Subject: RE: Conspiracy and Brainwashing III – USPTO is preaching to their Patent Examiners that they do not need to be known in the art for judging and allowing IP rights when issuing patents!
To: Elson Silva, PhD <tubarc@gmail.com>
You are a fool---
If you can’t understand legal or technical writing, you have no business blogging about it
“Wicking” is a term of art---fluid will travel in any direction via the fibers—regardless of gravity
-------------------
"Wick/wicking is in the patent classification system but not on HYDROLOGY textbooks."
LEGAL WICKING as the term of the art regardless of gravity confirms USPTO long standing bias ignoring hydrology on conductivity parameters of issued patents (11/30/23):
Thermal/Heat Conductivity 176.074 pat.
Electric/Electrical Conductivity 139.254 pat.
Hydraulic Conductivity 1.329 pat.
Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity 38 pat.
Wick/wicking 66.415 pat.
The US Government states that LEGAL WICKING is not technical, being inert to gravity LAW, meaning that LEGAL OIL LAMPS and LEGAL CANDLES can work upsided down. This sort of deceiving is behind the Economic Melting Down of 2008 burning about 41 trillion dollars, also dumping 1,1 million American as the leader of the COVID-19 pandemic catastrophe that took around 7 million lives world widely. In addition, obesity and sedentarism letting human beings miss brain capacity by becoming grumpier and dumber on neurogenesis effect.
Science is our understanding on nature functioning. Humans learn to respect nature early as babies on the first steps taming gravity for walking and running. Soon we understand the consequences of missteping and falling down. Therefore, all issued patents dealing with wick/wicking are CERTAINLY frauded because PATENT EXAMINERS ignored their homework from the beginning of their lives - GRAVITY.
LEGAL WICKING as the term of the art regardless of gravity confirms USPTO long standing bias ignoring hydrology on conductivity parameters of issued patents (11/30/23):
Thermal/Heat Conductivity 176.074 pat.
Electric/Electrical Conductivity 139.254 pat.
Hydraulic Conductivity 1.329 pat.
Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity 38 pat.
Wick/wicking 66.415 pat.
The US Government states that LEGAL WICKING is not technical, being inert to gravity LAW, meaning that LEGAL OIL LAMPS and LEGAL CANDLES can work upsided down. This sort of deceiving is behind the Economic Melting Down of 2008 burning about 41 trillion dollars, also dumping 1,1 million American as the leader of the COVID-19 pandemic catastrophe that took around 7 million lives world widely. In addition, obesity and sedentarism letting human beings miss brain capacity by becoming grumpier and dumber on neurogenesis effect.
Science is our understanding on nature functioning. Humans learn to respect nature early as babies on the first steps taming gravity for walking and running. Soon we understand the consequences of missteping and falling down. Therefore, all issued patents dealing with wick/wicking are CERTAINLY frauded because PATENT EXAMINERS ignored their homework from the beginning of their lives - GRAVITY.
Sir Isaac Newton defined the Law of Universal Gravitation in 1687. He was inspired to formulate his theory of gravitation by watching the fall of an apple from a tree.
Enviada em: quarta-feira, 5 de outubro de 2011 11:36
Para: Elson Silva, PhD
Assunto: RE: {SPAM?} Protecting Hydrology Science from REINVENTION
---------------------------------
Steven V. Owen
University Professor Emeritus
Educational Psychology
---------------------------------
Dr. Owen, my medicine is a bit bitter than that one swallowed by Albert Einstein by just stretching his tongue:
____________________________________________________________________________________
This email from an Emeritus Faculty of Educational Psychology provided valuable insights and feedback showing how deep the academic community is compromised on scientific affairs in the US.They were supposed to know that Darcy’s Law on Hydraulic Conductivity is not written in the US constitution, but endorsed by Mother Nature.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Nobel Prize is IMPORTANT TO HUMAN KIND, as 50% is business, 40% politics, 5% bad science and 5% good science from an educated abstraction. Nobel Prize Nomination of Economic Science was introduced to pretend that Human Business could overlap nature functioning. THE US AS THE FIRST ECONOMIC POWER IN THE WORLD GRABBED TWO-THIRDS (411/621) OF NOBEL PRIZE NOMINATIONS FOR SCIENCE. Exploratory Analysis shows that the American scientific community has been violating Hydrology science in the Patenting System more than a century, leaving a gap huge enough for a new science Hydrotechnology. It seems that working with the Chemistry of explosives is far more profitable than the Hydrology of self-watering flower pots. Mr. Alfred Nobel, Arms Dealer and Father of Dynamite, got 355 patents and Albert Einstein got 50 issued patents to portray top scientists claiming intellectual property rights. Obesity, Economic Melt Dow, COVID-19 tragedies, and now Reinvention Policy by USPTO are important evidence of American negligence to science misbalance with Nature.
How much NATURE endorses the Economy and Politics? Sunlight and rain come to us FREE OF CHARGE making the Economy not a science, but a distorted human affair as basic Laws of offer and demand is being replaced by GREED and FEAR. Likewise, recent wars in Ukraine and Israel show us that Politics can’t be science, but a wicked manipulation on human issues wasting innocent lives and spoiling the landscape for weaponry industry profit and disguised interest as Homo sapiens misses simple rationality.
In my neighborhood, I saw the Scientific Police taking pictures of swings I installed on trees for children in the Park during the COVID-19 pandemic lock down. Society try to employ the word SCIENCE for POWER, but there is a misunderstanding as scientific principles claim TRANSPARENCY and HONESTY. Nature is in charge of SCIENCE as there is no POLICE to enforce Nature LAWS. Even religion try to use Scientology for credibility. I like the simple conception that God = Nature. However, Nature writes no books, promises no lands, no life after death, no war or death in name of a divine. In around 4 billions of years of our planet, it seems that we got no aliens to affect our evolution. Most probable we are not leaving our home until the end in 4 to 6 billions of years. Human challenge is to keep nuclear weapons safe, cropping soils, mining our minerals and preserve our home in balance with nature functioning, making our blue planet good for all humans.
What we see in the universe is just for light travelling.
It seems that few scientists do understand the meaning of their titles PhD as Philosophy Doctor coming from Philosophy of Science (Epistemology, Metaphysics, Logics, and History of Science).
Dear Scientists working for Roche,
The last Economic Meltdown started with some rot apples crossing the boundaries for mean reasons providing mortgage to people who could not afford it. So, it triggered a wave of fear and mistrust that led to havoc in the economic functioning of society.
In a similar trend Roche is enforcing a sort of REINVENTION POLICY ignoring Patent Laws and the simple functioning of Science overstepping breakthroughs.
This can take place because Lawyers do not understand science functioning . . . they are not trained in the science functioning – Laws of Nature.
I developed new conceptions into Hydrodynamics dealing with Unsaturated Hydraulic Flow (US pat. 6,766,817) that is very sturdy as Hydrology is one of the oldest sciences and cannot be deceived so blatantly as Roche mistakenly is assuming.
What is happening now is that with a simple task of logical play I found out your emails on a total of 1,064 recipients that I am uploading to my blog requesting people around the work to send you emails pledging for honesty and respect for the Law and Science.
So, as this atypical email list of top scientists working for Roche spreads through the internet investors will get itchy about the risk of betting money on Roche and inquire the company policy about the boundaries of a safe businesses practice.
When Roche comes forward assuring the world that the company will bow to the Law and honesty, mending their misdeeds, your future will be safer because reliability will be restored.
There is no other option for Roche and other parties besides being honest and respect the Law and a sound functioning of science.
Web anniversary on BBC ‘. . . I saw then that a new power of communication had begun’
Pursuing Academic Pride at Univ. of Connecticut People Terror?
Reinvention Policy by Roche (US Pat. 7,819,822) People Fitness
Reinventing by Wealth Corporation
There is a blurring overlapping between negligence and stupidity. The Patent Examiner Mr. Max Hinderburg cited my patent US pat. 6,766,817 on
So far I sent to
There is another aggravation since I sent many letters to Roche Diagnostics about my ‘scientific breakthrough’ and for good faith the company was supposed to have asked IDS (Information Disclosure Statement) to provide a good intention that they have no intention to violate my IP rights. Then my patent US pat. 6,766,817 was supposed to be cited when allowing US Pat. 7,819,822 showing that the Patent Examiner was aware on my claims and that he was known in the art to judge the issue.
What is going on at USPTO? Bribery, Corruption, and/or Collusion ? ? ?
There is an ugly side of Roche endeavors as it can be figured out at the picture on the left regarding the appropriate geometry from the patent application 20070197937 on
It is unlikely that a pharmaceutical company would hire Geologists or Soil Scientists. So, they have no handle on the Hydrodynamic properties to address the core issue. They never gauged Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity, have no idea about Hydraulic Zones, anisotropic unsaturated flow, vertical hydraulic gradient potential, molecular connectivity, self-sustaining reversible flow, molecular drainage, void ratio, pore connectivity, porosity geometry self-cleaning filtering, inertial/rotating energy addiction/subtraction, etc.
‘This sort of thing makes me feel appalled like when a thug that steals my car, but just at the time of getting away with my belonging he discovers not being able to drive it!’
Roche employs around 67,000 people, has revenue around 46bn dollars, and total assets around 80bn dollars. Can this power bend science?
Respecting Hydrology Science and IP Rights in the Patenting System
Inventors, Attorneys, and Examiners,
It seems that the American patenting system is becoming a nightmare by breaking of Law and violation of science! Such violations are not by another country, or another language, but in the same patent office and sometimes by the same Patent Examiner. It is frustrating sending thousands of IDS (Information Disclosure Statement) to demand Inventors and Attorneys to respect what was already issued by the same Patent Office.
I am not an inventor but a PhD scientist with deep comprehension on the underlying functioning of science. My background comes from Agricultural Sciences focusing on spatial applied hydrogeology.
I simply decided to pursue my ‘scientific discovery in Hydrodynamics’ in the US just because I was a Brazilian getting PhD at Penn State University when the American president Bill Clinton was at my commencement on May 10, 1996 convincing his country was reliable. He said that we were part of privileged citizens receiving the highest education that the American institutions could offer their citizens and that down the line we would be creating new jobs never imagined before. The economic meltdown, spreading obesity, oil spill, etc. are cues that the public order is deeply out of track to protect society functioning in a country that intends to lead the world.
My recent surprise is that my IP rights are being violated by flawed patents from wealthy parties that sometimes even do not work or dumb parties trying to reinvent what I already did.
Sometimes nature is so blessed to create people bearing the highest level of stupidity. It is possible to steal money, jewelry, paintings, cars, etc. But, can you steal an invention? Can you reinvent what is already invented and patented?
There is no wick/wicking in Hydrology, but it is part of the language as lay people handle oil lamps and candles since its invention about 70,000 years ago at the Stone Age Time. The Advanced Classical Hydrology Science addresses the issue as Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity having a complex hydrodynamic functioning far beyond the restricted oil lamp functioning moving fluids UPWARD toward a flame.
It can be found on scientific literature about Electrical Conductivity, Thermal Conductivity, and Hydraulic Conductivity, but never Wicking Conductivity!
Indeed laypeople behind wicking have no handle on the Hydrodynamic properties to address the core issue. The expression of wick/wicking comes from lay people that never gauged Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity, have no idea about Hydraulic Zones, anisotropic unsaturated flow, vertical hydraulic gradient potential, molecular connectivity, self-sustaining reversible flow, molecular drainage, void ratio, pore connectivity, porosity geometry, self-cleaning filtering, inertial/rotating energy addiction/subtraction, etc. It is a huge gap waiting to be explored as science prevails.
I suggest you to study and learn Hydrology if you want to file patents that deal with fluidic devices. It is very likely that you are wasting your time and money, distorting the patenting system helping Americans getting rewards for negligence like this oil spill that easily could have been prevented by a sound science - HYDROLOGY. Like the outcome of Titanic fate as key people are used to cover up blunders to dissimulate their persistent wrongdoings turning the ship on the wrong direction during a crisis, not halting the cruise to save passengers, and ultimately lying to protect the businesses. Wise people know what is going to prevail and the potential outcome to achieve when honesty, coherence, and respect are embraced.
Corporate Manipulation
There is a widespread Hydrological ignorance among inventors working with fluidic applications. The Procter & Gamble Company declined any interest on my five idea applications: 11526, 11170, 11533, 11534, and 11979. But, afterwards my ideas started coming poorly inside their patent applications and I had to ask IDS like happened to 20080015531.
“When rejecting something it is important to have confidence that you do not need it, and that you have no intention to overstep such rejected boundaries. It may be a pretension to be smart or just an evidence of missing wisdom.”
This picture on the right would suggest that PG has only lay people in Hydrology working with fluidic application and that the system is very negligent to control their R&D guidelines. There is no doubt about the importance of advanced Hydrology to PG product lines dealing with personal hygiene, mainly absorption or retention of fluids on artificial porous systems.
My suggestion to Law Firms and general companies filing patents on fluidic devices is to hire experts from Geosciences so that the advanced Hydrology from my textbooks and my issued patents are respected scientifically and legally. Also, there is no other way for product development besides employing advanced science holding on textbooks more than a century and widely accepted on scientific literature
Flawed Violation
Hydrology Science is being shamefully ignored in the Patenting System with flawed patents that violate common knowledge from scientific literature and issued patents. It seems that sometimes the Patent Examiner (US pat. 7,285,255) violating science and issued patents is a director meaning that lay people handling Hydrology at USPTO is a critical bias going up in the chain of power by people that are overstepping Ethical grounds beyond their due expertise. I was expecting people in the patenting affairs be a kind of smarter and more respectful as NATURE cannot be deceived. This was not a simple mistake by a junior Patent Examiner since Ms. Gladys Corcoran issued 202 patents so far.
Ecolab employs more than 26,000 people With more than $6 billion in global sales. I sent letters to Ecolab, to Kinney & Lange, P.A the patent law firm, and to USPTO about violating my patent rights with a flawed one that even does not work. The fluid only drops after crossing the water table reference as portrayed in the arrow reference. The aggravation is that after I notified all parties in written about the violation of IP rights and scientific flaws more patents applications were filed and issued. This is just unacceptable. What kind of protection anybody can get by ignoring IP rights and scientific literature?
Mr. Gregory Morse a Patent Commissioner said that there is a Law stating that the drawing dimensions does not need to represent the real dimensions of the device. I replied saying that I learned in High School about scale that all details are represented in the same proportional ratio and that the scientific flaw of (US pat. 7,285,255) takes places at any scale like parallel lines that never meet each other at any scale employed. I got PhD in Soil Science/Spatial Applied Hydrology with a deep background in Remote Sensing and GIS and now I have my ‘scientific breakthrough’ being violated by lazy patents from people that their background is lower than High School standards. It seems that Mr. Clinton wasted his time on my commencement.
Academic Dishonoring of a scientific breakthrough
Dr. Amir Faghri and Dr. Zhen Guo working at the former Fuel Cell Center at the University of Connecticut believed that Hydrology from their Library can be ignored as well as my patent rights at USPTO when issuing US 7,625,649 ‘Vapor feed fuel cells with a passive thermal-fluids management system’ on the right. It was sent many letters requesting IDS of US 6,766,817 to many faculties and Intellectual Property management team at
It seems that Mechanical Engineers insist on working with fluids having a private Hydrology on their own ignoring Classical Hydrology from old textbooks. US 6,766,817 not only designed the interplay between Hydraulic Zones allowing self-sustaining reversible flow, but also it gauged Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity as 2.18 mm/s, besides Tubarc as an enhance microporosity geometry for fluid conduction.
Looking at the drawings I have a deep feeling that it was a straight lousy copycat by a PhD faculty showing arrogance and how stupid he can be by ignoring a ‘scientific breakthrough’.
Is US 6,766,817 a ‘scientific discovery’?
I believe so because so far only 24 issued patents mentioned Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity while wick/wicking from lay people is mentioned in 26.852 issued patents today Mar 24, 2011.
I am curious why graduate students get PhD titles not learning about Philosophy of Science: Epistemology, Metaphysics, Logics, and History of Science.
Background
There are around 26,000 issued patents by USPTO on wick/wicking which is not in Hydrology scientific literature only used by lay people missing a broader and deeper understanding in the field of the art. The phenomenon was addressed as Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity in 1907 by Edgard Buckingham to update Darcy’s Law 1856. US pat. 6,766,817 deployed it to the patenting system just a century after being in the scientific literature. Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measures volume/area/time within Unsaturated Hydraulic Zone with vertical gradient that addresses fluid flow by molecular connectivity allowing self-sustaining and reversible flow between the Hydraulic Zones responding to Hydraulic gradients. Also, I designed an enhanced micro geometry for porosity dubbed Tubarc (tube + arc) just to replace capillarity which has limitations due to the tube theory constrictions harming fundamentals of Unsaturated Hydraulic Flow. Tubarc principles also take into account restrained human capability to handle tiny dimensions of atoms and a need to organize random porosity providing higher control on hydrodynamic properties. Such insights for Tubarc development were borrowed from the biological porosity of Phloem and Xylem structures in the very early beginning of life on a need of multicellular organism to grow and expand its dimension keeping everything inside connected hydrodynamically. So far wicks are just good enough for oil lamps which are dependent on fuel and a flame (Thermodynamics + Hydrodynamics). Wise people are supposed to know that any wick that cannot work as a wick betrays Etymology and fail. Why to claim something that has no bearing?
My ‘scientific discovery’ in Hydrodynamics US pat. 6,766,817 is being constantly violated by lay people that has no background in Classical Hydrology. Since 2006 I have been requesting USPTO to hire Hydrogeologists and/or Soil Physicists to examine fluids moving on porosity to comply with long standing Classical Hydrology endorsing common knowledge. I even sent 14 registered letters to Mr. Obama which could be read online on my blog, but people at the White House seem neither read English nor care about Hydrology outcome in the
The importance of respecting Science avoiding lay people overtake advanced science is that society is better served with significant edge for the technological advancement sometimes critical on special circumstances. The oil spill at the
My Demand to USPTO
It is not that hard to argue at the Court of the Law that Hydrological issues should be examined by
1. Hire Examiners with background in Hydrogeology and/or Soil Physics so that they have full comprehension of fluids moving on porosity;
2. Cancel issued patents with scientific flaws. Obsolete patents are cancelled naturally by becoming outdated;
3. Make a public statement about Hydrology negligence hurting all Hydrological community as well as my project that needs experts in Hydrology to protect the content of my issued claims.
4. Compensate for my losses since as an inventor filing patents I was not expecting lay people handling hydrology in the examination process by USPTO.
5. Since USPTO is failing to protect my IP rights my patents should be eligible for time extension of their expiration dates (new demand).
6. Issue a bill requiring Hydrology be handled by
7. Make people accountable for breaking the Law regarding my complaints (new demand).
Recently USPTO confirmed that there is no
Nature coherence is so enlightening since rain falls from the sky, recharges and carves the landscape draining back towards the ocean renewing something that cannot be challenged, just because it is the makeup of what we belong to. We have the power to think and we think we are intelligent by developing distorted values about the principles of our own existence. Wild animals that are not intelligent did not develop any urge to hide their genitals, neither spoiling their food, nor getting fat. Indeed always keeping their muscles in good shape so they can run away from predators or catch their meals, surviving in balance like they always did since the beginning of life. That is indeed funny: those species that are not intelligent do not jeopardize the basic principles of their survival as we intelligent species do! Perhaps we need to go back and update the meaning of being intelligent because there is an evident flaw in the coherence – we are a stupid species pretending to care for our own existence.
Our cannibal ancestors believed that eating the brain of their competitors would give them more intelligence with a magic power. Deep reasoning on human uniqueness points out that during our evolution probably we chased and ate our cousins matching with scarce relatives nowadays. For lay people this exceptionality makes us Children of God but there is an underlying gloomy side of human joy for perverting common sense. In the past we did not know while today we just pretend to know it, but those ones to guide have no idea on what to pursue.
Why attorneys, inventors, and examiners want to pursue flawed patents that neither work nor respect common knowledge, even less IP rights?
Sorry, simple ignorance cannot be a plausible excuse in a developed country.
My message is straight – go and learn about Hydrology to take the best you can on fluidic devices because it has been neglected leaving a huge gap to explore and get new insights that nature endorses.
Science cannot be distorted.
Kind regards,
Campinas, June 1, 2011
Av. Dr. Julio Soares de Arruda, 838
Parque São Quirino
13088-300 Campinas, SP, Brazil
Phone 55 *19 3256-7265
Email: tubarc@gmail.com
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- 29 years ago, I got PhD in Soil Science at Penn State University, USA, working with
Spatial Dynamics of Hydrology in the Amazon Basin.
- 27 years ago, I started playing ADVANCED GARDENING, at home on watering flowerpots
to ease emotional pressure from INSTITUTIONAL JOB HARASSMENT.
- 24 years ago, I filed my first American patent believing that the system was genuine
and HONESTY was a common sense to honor a 'scientific breakthrough', mainly in
the ACADEMIC ENVIRONMENT.
- 21 years ago, my first patent US 6.766,817 was easily issued by USPTO. deploying the
technical terminology from my PhD textbooks uncommon in the Patenting System.
- 16 years ago, I had insights for a new science Hydrotechnology as Hydrogeology
working with artifical porosity.
- 10 years ago, I created a new science Hydrotechnology to explore a huge scientific gap
ignoring Hydraulic Conductivity on fluidic devices. defining new Hydrodynamic
Conceptions based on Advanced Artificial Porosity, absent on textbooks.
- In 2025 based on updated Hydrodynamics on porosity I set the HYDROLOGY CRADLE TO
70,000 YEARS AGO starting a new Era of Hydrology by the principle of life.
- For TWO DECADES the principles of ‘tubarc’ to upgrade capillarity has been confirmed by
broad and persistent patent infringement cracking down a sort of Reinvention Policy by USPTO neglecting Hydrology SCIENCE shamefully. This culture degradation is wealthy, obese, sedentary, addict to drugs, vitamins, anti-depressants, electronics, fastfood, etc., becoming grumpier and dumber on neurogenic effect. By ignoring science, the US was the leader in human tragedies that lost more citizens to Sars-Cov-2 than all wars combined. Only when hospitals got clogged and collective nocturnal trenched burials, convinced that saving lives was more relevant than making money. So, the American President who recommended Hydroxychloroquine to treat Covid-19 is back pardoning criminals who invaded the US Capitol. How about Presidential Orders to force Americans on HEALTHY LIVESTYLES and HONESTY, mainly on EDUCATIONAL AFFAIRS? China is also waging on DICTARTORSHIP to preserve the culture. As Freedom of Expression is a business aiming at PROFIT, since peace and good deeds are too boring for the media developing businesses, while greed, fear, ambition, and tragedies making the world unbearable is the perfect recipe for a WEALTHY PRESS.
- In 2025 I give SCIENCE FUNCTIONING back to NATURE as Alfred Nobel Swedish working with the Chemistry of
Explosives, father of Dynamite, was capable of moving science from FAITH to BUSINESS. The Holy Inquisition burned alive at the stake Giordano Bruno, Italian Alchemist and Astrologer, for holding opinions contrary to the Catholic faith. Today, SCIENCE became BUSINESS with DISHONESTY. I must remind ‘scientists’ that Science is basically our understanding on NATURE FUNCTIONING. As babies we learn to tame gravity for walking and running, and soon we understand the consequences of misstepping and falling down. Keep in mind that NATURE writes no books, promise no lands, created no borders, no currencies, no religion, no life after death, no politics, demands no wars or killing in name of a divine. As all live beings, we have imprinted in our DNA attributes for survival and caring for the next generation. Looking back into the past we borrow understanding from our evolution to preserve our Physiology developed in a different landscape molding our functioning. Perhaps we are Homo sapiens in case we get through.
Watch out! Albert Einstein was not aware that smoking a pipe was threatening the simple functioning of our LUNGS just developed for CO2/O2 exchange, missing some blessing from Mother Nature.
OIL LAMP – An Advanced Fluidic Device Developed for Lighting
"Early humans used shells, hollow rocks or any nonflammable material as a container and in it some moss soaked in animal fat which they would ignite and it would burn with a flame."
The invention of oil lamps was a slow process taking place between 50 to 100 thousand years ago, or even earlier as archaeological evidence points towards the use of torches as early as 1.42 million years. At first man started manipulating fire moving it with burning twigs or ember. They may have learned that burning a bunch of twigs would last longer, or even having something else burning together like fibers, so they were developing torches. By cooking meat on fire, they may have noticed that fat also burns and even can last longer than firewood for concentrating more energy. So, the torches may have improved having fibers soaked in fat. Then, having this soaked fiber burning over a more resistant container was the logical drive toward the development of oil lamps. It took place like a gradual process of trying and learning and understanding better functioning options. Like the airplanes flying today that improved from the first ancient kites to airplanes, always exploring the principles of Aerodynamics, like all flying live beings as well.
Exploring the principles of Hydrodynamics, this outcome from ADVANCED GARDENING on Self-Watering Systems (water + soil + plant) provides a sturdy reasoning to update the Cradle of Hydrology to 70 thousand of years ago when Special Fluidic Devices, Oil Lamps (fuel + wick + fire) were invented by the Ancient Man making and taming FIRE, triggering indeed the onset of MODERN LIFE. Homo erectus, began using fire around 1.5 to 2 million years ago. But ADVANCED HYDROLOGY working on porosities was the keystone to control it, changing from SOLID FUEL of FIREWOOD to LIQUID FUEL mainly OIL or FAT on Oil Lamps, becoming smaller, portable, safer, durable, and more efficient! OIL LAMPS on wicking (UNSATURATED HYDRAULIC FLOW) allowed a broader application of fire from cooking and heating to ample illumination and safe navigation in the dark hours or places. Humans could illuminate caves, homes, castles, temples, pathways, vessels, carriages, lighthouses, public places, etc. The amount of mineral residue in the burning process of firewood is 6 to 10% of ash w/w, or more. depending on the soil contamination. While pure vegetable oil and fats can have ash content near 0%, making oil lamps free of burning residue. OIL LAMP is a practical small fluidic device for lighting requiring just fuel refilling, and easy operations to light up by a flame or spark contact, and to turn off by puffing on, leaving no ember afterwards. Man was conquering darkness after the sunset by employing artificial light from oil lamps, more recently with a glass tube chimney, over land and water, as well as permanent dark environments for dwelling or other reasons like mining.
1 - First Porosity - GEOLOGICAL: It was the first NATURAL generation of random porosity to appear in Nature by rock weathering making up the granular soils systems starting about two billion of years ago. Most soils are 50% solid material + 50% of void at variable rates of air and water.
2 - Second Porosity - BIOLOGICAL: It was the second NATURAL generation of an organized porosity created by live beings about a billion of years ago as multicellular plants and animals increased in size developing varied mechanisms for internal fluid cycling, giving each cell a continuous logistic interface for chemical exchange building up the required functioning of specialized infrastructure for each species allowing its evolution for survival. Standing plants created phloem and xylem vessels while moving animals needing faster flow rates created varied required pumping systems.
3 - Third Porosity - HUMAN MADE: It is the third ARTIFICIAL generation of an advanced porosity combining the functioning of Geological and Biological porosities with human knowledge to derive new Hydrodynamic conceptions of Unsaturated Flow (negative pressure) expanding the boundaries of Hydrology. It is presently feasible by considering a spatial modeling of pore geometry and human limitations to handle matter at molecular level. The pores can be continuously connected longitudinally as a prevailing cylindrical format boosting an enhanced ANISOTROPIC HYDRAULIC FLOW. It addresses new hydrodynamic properties of Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Kinetic Energy Exchange in the dynamics of continuous mass flow not yet portrayed to human knowledge.
Oil lamps and self-watering flowerpots are fluidic devices that allow a removal of fluid in the Unsaturated Hydraulic Zone as gaseous form when molecular connectivity in the fluid is interrupted by its evaporation or combustion. Oil lamps use heat from the flame burning fuel while flowerpots use heat in the air feeding regular evapotranspiration rates. A new option to collect fluid from the Unsaturated Hydraulic Zone is by returning the fluid to the Saturated Hydraulic Zone when molecular connectivity is broken by the weight of water molecules crossing downward the Hydraulic Head reference line, from negative (-) to postivie (+). When there is no saturated water below the Hydraulic Head reference in the porosity, the falling water would pull water molecules downward speeding up the Unsaturated Hydraulic Flow, as already shown above.
Unsaturated Hydraulic Flow takes place in a porosity system with variable ratios of solid, liquid, and air. The liquid is removed as gas; fuel on oil lamps is removed by burning in the flame, water of self-watering flowerpots is removed by evapotranspiration rates, in a complex system of oil lamps or soil-water-plant, as fluid lost is constantly replaced by the interplay of Saturated to Unsaturated Hydraulic Zones according to a Hydraulic Gradient.
Porosity Modelling becomes tenable by upgrading from granular porosity of Soil Systems to cylindrical fibers of stable plastic cords providing insights for a continuous pore geometry prevailing through the longitudinal direction. Then, revealing new Hydrodynamic conceptions by bending between Hydraulic Zones, Saturated (+) for pressure and Unsaturated (-) for suction. Tubarc (tube + arc) upgrades capillarity on TUBE THEORY, allowing constant lateral flow in the cylindrical feature, complying to the principles of Unsaturated Hydraulic Flow requirements: VARIABLE FREE AIR RATIO AT CONSTANT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.
Advanced Porosity System playing liquid transfer between Hydraulic Zones attains variable molecular dragging with specific performance according to the Hydraulic Gradient as well as the Physical Molecular Properties of solid, liquid, and solute phases. Liquid can be recovered freely in another compartment when it moves DOWNWARD as Unsaturated Hydraulic Flow crossing the water table reference, known as Hydraulic Head. Molecular Connectivity on bonding is different between positive (+) pressure to negative (-) pressure, when water molecules are suspended in a bond reducing gravity attraction.
New Era of Hydrology on the Principle of Life:
HYDRODYNAMICS OF LIFE - It is worth mentioning that live beings already mastered the hydrodynamics of fluid cycling employing saturated and unsaturated conditions by developing varied mechanisms of pumping, creating pressure (+) on one side and suction (-) in the other side, in a CIRCULATORY SYSTEM giving each cell unit a permanent and efficient logistic interface for exchange of substances employing molecular dragging, as well as controlling the minimum amount of water required for the whole biological functioning.
How tenable is HYDROTECNOLOGY?
AMERICAN LEADERSHIIP AND INFLUENCE: Considering intellectual property affairs, it is very likely that all patenting systems around the world would have a similar performance.
Running an exploratory analysis about the conductivity parameters at USPTO on issued patents, it can be verified that Hydrology has been neglected more than a century about Hydrodynamics on porosity systems of Fluidic Devices:
Mar 19, 2007 Jan 07,2015 Nov 30, 2023
Thermal/Heat Conductivity 61,033 100.744 176.074
Electrical/Electric Conductivity 76.949 139.254
Hydraulic Conductivity 750 1.329
Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity 17 29 38
Wick/wicking 21,784 33.577 66.415
On measuring conductivity parameters, we can assume that technically it is easier to gauge fluid motion than heat or electricity. Analyzing patents at USPTO, around 100.000 issued patents addressing capillarity and/or wicking, by ignoring HYDROLOGY can be considered frauded and worthless. When fully explored, patents measuring HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY could reach around 200.000 patents as inventors learn about fluid dynamics on NATURAL POROSITIES of CLASSICAL HYDROLOGY in OLD textbooks.
Sars-Cov-2 in the last pandemic showed us how close human existence is taunting from instantaneous annihilation to a continuous gradual degradation, pursuing greed, avarice, and ambition by impairing HONESTY.
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